Indikator dan Permasalahan Makro Ekonomi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54783/jemba.v1i3.63Keywords:
Pertumbuhan ekonomi, Inflasi, Pandemi Covid-19, Dampak perubahan iklim, Kesenjangan pendapatanAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berbagai permasalahan ekonomi makro yang dihadapi perekonomian Indonesia. Metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif digunakan, meliputi tinjauan pustaka, survei terhadap 150 perusahaan dan 10 ekonom, wawancara, serta observasi. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa mempertahankan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan menghadapi tantangan karena kemacetan infrastruktur, rendahnya investasi di penelitian dan inovasi, serta masalah produktivitas. Inflasi juga perlu pemantauan hati-hati mengingat volatilitas harga komoditas global dan kenaikan bbm domestik. Pandemi COVID-19 sangat berdampak pada banyak sektor khususnya pariwisata dan UKM. Isu lainnya adalah dampak perubahan iklim pada sektor pertanian, kesenjangan pendapatan di mana 20% populasi mengendalikan lebih dari 50% kekayaan, serta ketergantungan perdagangan yang membuat perekonomian rentan terhadap ketidakpastian global. Untuk mengatasinya, koordinasi kebijakan moneter dan fiskal sangat penting untuk mendukung upaya pemulihan melalui peningkatan belanja dan insentif pajak bagi bisnis. Peningkatan akses pendanaan, pelatihan keterampilan digital, serta investasi pada infrastruktur tangguh bencana juga penting. Dengan strategi terintegrasi multi-sektoral, diharapkan Indonesia dapat memperkuat ketahanan ekonomi dan pertumbuhan inklusif jangka panjang.
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